浅谈中国传统民居中的理想景观模式

阐述了传统民居建筑关于环境的选择、住房形态的选择等都反映了实际生活的利弊，是经过实践证明的行之有效的生活经验总结，体现了人们对传统朴素的自然环境观的理解及追求，而这种理解及追求可以定义为一种深藏于人们内心的“理想景观”模式的追求。     

传统法尿素装置的现代化

对传统法尿素工艺存在的问题进行了分析、探讨。通过分析国内外尿素新工艺、新技术 ,认为传统 2 1工艺流程更适宜我国中小尿素装置的改造 ,并就其改造的方向和具体改造方案提出了建议。对尿素系统操作和运行管理方面存在的问题也进行了讨论 ,提出了改造方案     

Finite cover method with mortar elements for elastoplasticity problems

Finite cover method (FCM) is extended to elastoplasticity problems. The FCM, which was originally developed under the name of manifold method, has recently been recognized as one of the generalized versions of finite element methods (FEM). Since the mesh for the FCM can be regular and squared regardless of the geometry of structures to be analyzed, structural analysts are released from a burdensome task of generating meshes conforming to physical boundaries. Numerical experiments are carried out to assess the performance of the FCM with such discretization in elastoplasticity problems. Particularly to achieve this accurately, the so-called mortar elements are introduced to impose displacement boundary conditions on the essential boundaries, and displacement compatibility conditions on material interfaces of two-phase materials or on joint surfaces between mutually incompatible meshes. The validity of the mortar approximation is also demonstrated in the elastic-plastic FCM.     

Time integration for spherical acoustic finite–infinite element models

In this paper, we analyse the numerical time integration of models of exterior acoustics. The major challenge lies in the instabilities that may arise from the infinite elements. In this paper we consider the special case of spherical infinite elements formulations, which have shown their relevance for industrial applications. We propose a method that combines Crank–Nicholson's method with a filtering step by the backward Euler method. The paper is illustrated with an example relevant to industry. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A computational framework of configurational-force-driven brittle fracture based on incremental energy minimization

A variational formulation of quasi-static brittle fracture in elastic solids at small strains is proposed and an associated finite element implementation is presented. On the theoretical side, a consistent thermodynamic framework for brittle crack propagation is outlined. It is shown that both the elastic equilibrium response as well as the local crack evolution follow in a natural format by exploitation of a global Clausius–Planck inequality. Here, the canonical direction of the crack propagation associated with the classical Griffith criterion is the direction of the material configurational force which maximizes the local dissipation at the crack tip. On the numerical side, we first consider a standard finite element discretization in the two-dimensional space which yields a discrete formulation of the global dissipation in terms of configurational nodal forces. Next, consistent with the node-based setting, the discretization of the evolving crack discontinuity for two-dimensional problems is performed by the doubling of critical nodes and interface segments of the mesh. A crucial step for the success of this procedure is its embedding into a r-adaptive crack-segment re-orientation algorithm governed by configurational-force-based directional indicators. Here, successive crack propagation is performed by a staggered loading-release algorithm of energy minimization at frozen crack state followed by nodal releases at frozen deformation. We compare results obtained by the proposed formulation with other crack propagation criteria. The computational method proposed is extremely robust and shows an excellent performance for representative numerical simulations.     

Global and local processing of hierarchical visual stimuli in tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella).

Capuchin monkeys' (Cebus apella) relative accuracy in the processing of the global shape or the local features of hierarchical visual stimuli was assessed. Three experiments are presented featuring manipulations of the arrangement and the density of the local elements of the stimuli. The results showed a clear advantage for local level processing in this species, which is robust under manipulations of the density of the local elements of the stimuli. By contrast, the density of the component elements linearly affected accuracy in global processing. These findings, which support those from other studies in which a local superiority emerged in animals, challenge the generality of early claims concerning the adaptive value of global advantage in the processing of hierarchical visual patterns. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

对居住区规划设计要素的再认识

通过对城市居住区历史与价值的分析,强调生活是丰富多样的,生活内容是相互关联互相启发的,不要因片面的分区而将生活要素割裂开来,从这样的认识出发,对城市居住区的道路交通系统规划、景观规划与户型设计等方面进行探讨。     

Dynamics and time-stepping schemes for elastic shells undergoing finite rotations

In this work we study the time-stepping schemes for shell models, which describe the shell-director vector motion by the finite rotations. Different possibilities for choosing director rotations are examined and their relationships are cast in terms of the commutative diagram. The Newmark time-stepping schemes, making use of different rotation parameters, are then developed. The mid-point scheme modified to either conserve or dissipate the total energy is further examined. Several numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the performance of each developed scheme.     

中国保健食品的优势与发展

中国保健品最大特点与优势是传统养生学与现代营养学及食品科学相结合，历史悠久，近年发展迅速。文章论述了中国保健食品的历史与现状，基本理论与技术内容，行政管理与市场监督，并对目前出现的一些问题及对策进行了讨论。     

Material forces for crack analysis of functionally graded materials in adaptively refined FE-meshes

This work describes the computation of fracture parameters in functionally graded materials (FGMs) with stationary cracks. To this end the continuum concept of material forces is employed, such that the corresponding balance equation can be discretized with a standard Galerkin finite element procedure. A domain-type formulation is used for evaluation of a vectorial J-integral, where in the practical implementation the material nodal forces of the finite element discretization are summed up in a finite region of the crack-tip. In this way the numerical calculation is completely independent from the alignment of the finite element mesh or any selected integration contour, which is most attractive for adaptively refined finite element meshes. For illustrative purpose the accuracy of the method is discussed for two examples based on comparison with available theoretical and numerical solutions.